See robbour in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Theft",
"orig": "enm:Theft",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "robber"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "robber"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:robeor"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"raubāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to snatch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"tear\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hrew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hrewp-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raubōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*raubōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"raubō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"rober\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tōr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tōr\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tor\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-eor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"robeor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"robbour\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"robbour\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "robeor"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French robeor",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robben",
"3": "-our"
},
"expansion": "robben + -our",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robben",
"3": "-ere",
"id2": "agentive",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "suffix forming agent nouns"
},
"expansion": "robben + -ere (suffix forming agent nouns)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French robeor; equivalent to robben + -our, but remodelled on robben + -ere (suffix forming agent nouns) from an early date.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "robbours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeour",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robour",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "roboure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbowre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "robbour",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "robbour (plural robbours)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -our",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A robber or burglar; one who robs or steals."
],
"id": "en-robbour-enm-noun-1At5Hhfy",
"links": [
[
"robber",
"robber#English"
],
[
"burglar",
"burglar"
],
[
"rob",
"rob"
],
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -our",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pillager or pirate; a militarised robber."
],
"id": "en-robbour-enm-noun-zimQE3z1",
"links": [
[
"pillager",
"pillager"
],
[
"pirate",
"pirate"
],
[
"militarise",
"militarise"
],
[
"robber",
"robber"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɔˈbuːr/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔbur/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔbər(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "robbour"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrew-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -our",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:People",
"enm:Theft"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "robber"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "robber"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:robeor"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"raubāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to snatch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"tear\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hrew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hrewp-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raubōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*raubōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"raubō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"rober\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tōr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tōr\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tor\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-eor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"robeor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"robbour\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"robbour\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "robeor"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French robeor",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robben",
"3": "-our"
},
"expansion": "robben + -our",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robben",
"3": "-ere",
"id2": "agentive",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "suffix forming agent nouns"
},
"expansion": "robben + -ere (suffix forming agent nouns)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French robeor; equivalent to robben + -our, but remodelled on robben + -ere (suffix forming agent nouns) from an early date.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "robbours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeour",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robour",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "roboure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubbere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "robbowre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "robbour",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "robbour (plural robbours)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A robber or burglar; one who robs or steals."
],
"links": [
[
"robber",
"robber#English"
],
[
"burglar",
"burglar"
],
[
"rob",
"rob"
],
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pillager or pirate; a militarised robber."
],
"links": [
[
"pillager",
"pillager"
],
[
"pirate",
"pirate"
],
[
"militarise",
"militarise"
],
[
"robber",
"robber"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɔˈbuːr/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔbur/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔbər(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "robbour"
}
Download raw JSONL data for robbour meaning in Middle English (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.